Atrial fibrillation is a risk factor for major adverse cardiovascular events in COVID-19

Figures

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  Fig. 1. Major cardiovascular outcomes for patients with COVID-19 with prior AF compared to no prior AF (a) and prior AF without recurrent AF compared to no prior AF (b). NOTE: AF = Atrial fibrillation, MACE = major adverse cardiovascular events (including death, MI, HF hospitalization, and stroke), MI = myocardial infarction, HF = heart failure. p-values based on Cox proportional hazard regression. The average follow-up time was 294 days with the average time to the MACE events being 21 days. Propensity Score Matched. (Score based on age, gender, race, ethnicity, prior CAD, prior heart failure, prior stroke and hypertension.)

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  Fig. 2. Major cardiovascular outcomes for patients with COVID-19 with recurrent AF compared to prior AF without recurrent AF during infection. * Prior AF with no recurrent AF within a month of COVID-19 infection. NOTE: AF = Atrial fibrillation, MACE = major adverse cardiovascular events (including death, MI, HF hospitalization, and stroke), HF = heart failure. p-values based on Cox proportional hazard regression. Propensity Score Matched. (Score based on age, gender, race, ethnicity, prior CAD, prior heart failure, prior stroke and hypertension.) Non-fatal MI not included as only one occurred in the recurrent AF group.

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  Fig. 3. Major cardiovascular outcomes for patients with COVID-19 with prior AF with ablation compared to those without ablation. NOTE: AF = Atrial fibrillation, MACE = major adverse cardiovascular events (including death, MI, HF hospitalization, and stroke), HF = heart failure. p-values based on Cox proportional hazard regression. Propensity Score Matched. (Score based on age, gender, race, ethnicity, prior CAD, prior heart failure, prior stroke and hypertension.) Non-fatal MI not included as only one occurred in the AF ablation group.

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  Fig. 4. Major cardiovascular outcomes for patients with COVID-19 with new onset AF compared to those with no AF (a) and those with new onset AF compared to those with recurrent prior AF (b). NOTE: AF = Atrial fibrillation, MACE = major adverse cardiovascular events (including death, MI, HF hospitalization, and stroke), HF = heart failure. p-values based on Cox proportional hazard regression. Propensity Score Matched. (Score based on age, gender, race, ethnicity, prior CAD, prior heart failure, prior stroke and hypertension.) Non-fatal MI not included as only one occurred in the new AF, no prior AF, and recurrent AF groups.