Evaluation of hematological, electrolyte and lipid profiles of potash samples obtained from Anambra State, Nigeria: A comparative sub-acute study on the effects of low-dose trona and natron on Wistar rats.

Trona and natron are natural-occurring salts geologically referred to as evaporites and commonly known as potash. Both types of potash are most common among Nigerian users, especially as food softeners/additives and medicinal remedies. The sub-acute toxicological effects of the two primary varieties consumed in Anambra State, Nigeria, on hematological, electrolyte, kidney function, and lipid profiles at low doses remain unexplored. A 28-day sub-acute study used 120-140 g Wistar rats. Three groups of six (n=6) rats were assembled. Group A (control) received feed and water, group B received 500 mg/kg of reddish potash (natron) while group C received 500 mg/kg of greyish potash (trona). Standard methods were used in analyzing parameters. Data was analyzed with SPSS, version 27. Results were shown as mean ± SD. One-way ANOVA was performed to compare mean values. Hematological results in groups A and B reveal a significant (p<0.05) decrease in red blood cells and platelets and an increase in white blood cells (p<0.05) compared to the control. The electrolytes results recorded significant increase(p<0.05) in Na+ in group B while group C recorded a significant increase in K+ and CL- when compared to the control. Group B had a significantly higher creatinine and urea than group C and the control. The study revealed a significant increase (p<0.05) in total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein in group B, but not in triglycerides or low density lipoprotein. The study concludes that on chronic consumption, low dosages (10 % of LD50) of natron or trona can alter hematological parameters, electrolyte balance, renal function (particularly in natron), and lipid profile.