Twelve-Month BMI and Metabolic Changes After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass in Women with Severe Obesity

Q: What are the key findings of this study?

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in women with severe obesity significantly reduced mean body mass index by 14.0 kg/m2 over 12 months.

Q: What is the clinical evidence from this study?

Study design: Cohort. Population: Severe obesity (n=150). Intervention: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) vs. Baseline (preoperative). Primary outcome: Longitudinal absolute body mass index (BMI) at 12 months (MD -14.0, p=<0.05).

Q: What does this research mean for the field?

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in women with severe obesity results in substantial 12-month reductions in body mass index and significant improvements in glycemic and lipid profiles, along with high rates of cardiometabolic medication discontinuation. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.INCREMENTAL. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

Q: What question did this study set out to answer?

To evaluate 12-month longitudinal changes in body mass index, glycemic markers, and lipid profile following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in women with severe obesity.

Augusto Cardoso Sgarioni; Giovani Farina; Túlio Slongo Bressan; Milena Prigol Dalfovo; Gabriel Michelin De Carli; Henrique João Prataviera Giovanardi; Guilherme Schumacher Giovanardi; Luciano Da Silva Selistre; Rosa Maria Rahmi Garcia

doi:10.3390/jcm15155764

July 23, 2026Journal of Clinical MedicineOpen Access

Twelve-Month BMI and Metabolic Changes After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass in Women with Severe Obesity

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Key result

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass linked to a ~14 kg/m2 BMI reduction at 12 months in severe obesity.

MD -14.0
P<0.05
n=150

Figures

Why the study?

Women-specific short-term body mass index and metabolic changes after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass remain incompletely characterized.

Does open Roux-en-Y gastric bypass improve body mass index and metabolic markers in women with severe obesity?

Key Points

To evaluate 12-month longitudinal changes in body mass index, glycemic markers, and lipid profile following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in women with severe obesity.
Retrospective complete-case cohort study of 150 women (mean age 43.6 ± 9.8 years, mean preoperative BMI 45.4 ± 5.4 kg/m2) out of 168 who underwent open Roux-en-Y gastric bypass between September 2017 and January 2020 at a public bariatric reference center in Brazil.
Evaluations were performed preoperatively and postoperatively at 30 days, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months.
Longitudinal changes were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models with Tukey-adjusted post hoc contrasts and Holm-Bonferroni corrections.
Body mass index decreased progressively from 45.5 kg/m2 at baseline to 31.5 kg/m2 at 12 months.
Fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c declined significantly within the first postoperative month and remained improved, while total cholesterol decreased at 30 days, and LDL cholesterol and triglycerides decreased by 6 months.
Among baseline users, 86% discontinued antihyperglycemic therapy, 87% discontinued lipid-lowering therapy, and 72% discontinued antihypertensive therapy at 12 months.

Study Design

Type

Cohort (n=150)

Multicenter

No

Structured PICO

Does open Roux-en-Y gastric bypass improve body mass index and metabolic markers in women with severe obesity?

P

Population

150 women with severe obesity who underwent open Roux-en-Y gastric bypass at a public reference center, followed for 12 months.

E

Exposure

Open Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) via laparotomy, followed by a standardized multidisciplinary protocol for 12 months.

O

Outcome

Longitudinal absolute body mass index (BMI) over 12 months.surrogate

Main Result

Mean Difference: -14

Absolute Event Rate: 31.5% vs 45.5%

p-value: p=<0.05

Open Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in women with severe obesity leads to substantial short-term reductions in BMI and rapid improvements in glycemic and lipid profiles over 12 months.

Limitations

Retrospective design and reliance on secondary data limited the availability of relevant variables such as blood pressure, waist circumference, and body composition measures.
Excluding patients with incomplete follow-up may have introduced selection bias toward participants with better adherence.
Single-center design and women-only cohort limit generalizability and prevent direct comparison with men.
Absence of a non-surgical control group means changes cannot be attributed exclusively to surgery.
12-month follow-up does not assess long-term durability or weight regain.
Medication discontinuation was analyzed descriptively and should not be interpreted as formal remission of comorbidities.
Did not include a male comparison group
Standardized remission criteria for T2DM, dyslipidemia, and hypertension were not applied
Detailed information on medication dose changes, adherence, and prescribing decisions was not available
Postoperative complications and adverse effects were not systematically assessed
Retrospective design

Implication

May support short-term BMI reduction after gastric bypass in women with severe obesity; leaves open durability and generalizability.

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Women-specific short-term body mass index and metabolic changes after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass remain incompletely characterized. This retrospective cohort study evaluated 12-month changes in body mass index, glycemic markers, and lipid profile after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in women with severe obesity treated at a public bariatric reference center in Brazil. Methods: Women who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass between September 2017 and January 2020 were assessed preoperatively and at 30 days, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months postoperatively. Longitudinal changes were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models. Results: Of 168 women who underwent bariatric surgery, 150 had complete 12-month follow-up data. Mean age was 43.6 ± 9.8 years and mean preoperative body mass index was 45.4 ± 5.4 kg/m2. Body mass index decreased progressively from 45.5 kg/m2 at baseline to 31.5 kg/m2 at 12 months. Fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c declined significantly within the first postoperative month and remained improved. Total cholesterol decreased at 30 days, whereas low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and triglycerides decreased by 6 months. Among baseline users, 86% discontinued antihyperglycemic therapy, 87% lipid-lowering therapy, and 72% antihypertensive therapy; these exploratory medication-discontinuation outcomes should not be interpreted as validated remission of diabetes, dyslipidemia, or hypertension. Conclusions: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass was associated with substantial short-term body mass index reduction and improved cardiometabolic markers among women.

Discussion

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Cite This Study

Sgarioni et al. (2026) conducted a cohort in Severe obesity (n=150). Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) vs. Baseline (preoperative) was evaluated on Longitudinal absolute body mass index (BMI) at 12 months (MD -14.0, p=<0.05). Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in women with severe obesity significantly reduced mean body mass index by 14.0 kg/m2 over 12 months.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a65a306d3aea3239cd7641b https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15155764

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Twelve-Month BMI and Metabolic Changes After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass in Women with Severe Obesity

Figures

Key Points

Study Design

Structured PICO

Main Result

Limitations

Implication

Abstract

Discussion

Cite This Study

Twelve-Month BMI and Metabolic Changes After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass in Women with Severe Obesity

Figures

Key Points

Study Design

Structured PICO

Main Result

Limitations

Implication

Abstract

Discussion

Cite This Study

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