Characterization of a Trichoderma asperellum Strain’s Ecophysiological Traits and Compatibility with Fungicides and Insecticides for Integrated Crop Protection

The growing demand for sustainable crop protection has intensified interest in biological control agents. This study characterized a Trichoderma asperellum strain (IDE-10) to assess its suitability for integrated pest and disease management. Key ecophysiological traits, including temperature, pH, and ultraviolet (UV) tolerance, were evaluated, along with compatibility with commonly used fungicides and insecticides. The strain exhibited optimal growth at 28.28 °C and sustained high growth rates up to 35 °C, with a maximum threshold of 39.21 °C, indicating strong adaptation to warm climates. Sporulation was enhanced between 25 and 35 °C, with no growth at 5 °C, and soil viability remained stable from 7 to 21 °C. The IDE-10 strain demonstrated broad pH tolerance (3–7) and high resistance to UV-A and UV-B radiation, distinguishing it from commercial strains. Insecticides had no significant adverse effects, while fungicide compatibility varied, with IDE-10 being compatible with metalaxyl- and copper-based formulations. These findings highlight the robustness and adaptability of T. asperellum IDE-10, supporting its potential as a biocontrol agent for sustainable crop protection strategies, particularly in Mediterranean agricultural systems.