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This study aims to identify how speaker and listener characteristics impact the perception of masculinity and naturalness in transmasculine voices.

Factors Influencing Auditory Perception of Masculinity and Naturalness in Transmasculine Voices

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This study aims to identify how speaker and listener characteristics impact the perception of masculinity and naturalness in transmasculine voices.
Collected voice recordings from six transmasculine and 12 cisgender individuals.
One hundred five listeners rated voices for masculinity and naturalness, considering various factors.
Examined acoustic measures, including fundamental frequency and Dysphonia Severity Index.
F 0 levels in speech predicted naturalness and masculinity (p < .01).
Transmasculine voices were rated as 21% more likely to be misgendered compared to cisgender voices (p < .01).
Older listeners rated transmasculine voices as significantly less natural than cisgender voices (p < .01).

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Randomized trial examines factors affecting masculinity and naturalness in voices, suggesting age influences perceptions.

Fujiki et al. (2026) studied this question.

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