Identification and validation of brown adipocyte-related key genes in ST-segment elevated myocardial infarction

Figures

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  Fig. 1. Identification of BA-related candidate genes in STEMI progression. (A) Volcano plot of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between STEMI samples and stable CAD controls. Red dots represent upregulated genes, blue dots represent downregulated genes, and gray dots represent genes with no significant difference. (B) Heatmap of DEGs. Higher expression levels are shown in red, and lower expression levels are shown in blue. (C) Boxplot of BA-related gene scores (BARGs) in the GSE59867 dataset. (D) Heatmap of module-trait relationships. The vertical axis represents module names, and the heatmap colors represent the correlation coefficient with BARGs scores. Red indicates positive correlation, and blue indicates negative correlation. (E) Scatter plot of gene significance (GS) vs. module membership (MM) for the purple module. The horizontal axis represents the correlation between genes and modules (MM), and the vertical axis represents the correlation between genes and traits (GS). (F) Venn diagram of candidate genes

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  Fig. 2. Functional analysis and protein-protein interaction analysis of candidate genes. (A) GO enrichment analysis of biological processes (BP). The left side shows the names of candidate genes, and the right side shows the BP terms. (B) GO enrichment analysis of cellular components (CC). The left side shows the names of candidate genes, and the right side shows the CC terms. (C) GO enrichment analysis of molecular functions (MF). The left side shows the names of candidate genes, and the right side shows the MF terms. (D) Bar chart of KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. The color of the bars represents the enrichment p-value, and the length of the bars represents the number of genes enriched in the pathway. (E) Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Each node and connection line represent the interaction between proteins, with red nodes indicating upregulated genes and blue nodes indicating downregulated genes

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  Fig. 3. Construction and evaluation of the nomogram model. (A) Nomogram. Points represent the score for each gene. The total points for the three key genes are calculated and mapped to the linear score and outcome probability. (B) Calibration curve of the nomogram. (C) Clinical impact curve of the nomogram. The red curve represents the number of individuals classified as positive (high risk) by the simple model at various threshold probabilities; the blue curve represents the number of true positives at different threshold probabilities. The higher the overlap between the two curves, the stronger the predictive ability of the nomogram model. (D) ROC curve of the nomogram. The area under the curve (AUC) closer to 1 indicates better predictive performance

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  Fig. 4. GSEA pathway enrichment analysis of key genes. (A) ASGR2. Different colors represent different pathways. A positive ES indicates that the functional gene set is enriched at the front of the ranked list, suggesting a positive correlation with the gene, while a negative ES indicates that the functional gene set is enriched at the end of the ranked list, suggesting a negative correlation with the gene. (B) MCEMP1. (C) PPARG

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  Fig. 5. Immune microenvironment analysis in STEMI. (A) Stacked bar chart of the infiltration proportions of 22 immune cell types in STEMI samples and stable CAD controls. Different colors represent different immune cell types. (B) Boxplot of immune cell infiltration differences between STEMI samples and stable CAD controls. Green represents STEMI samples, and yellow represents stable CAD samples. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. (C) Correlation heatmap of differentially infiltrated immune cells. Both the horizontal and vertical axes represent different immune cells. Red indicates positive correlation, blue indicates negative correlation, and deeper colors indicate stronger correlations between immune cells. ***p < 0.001. (D) Correlation heatmap of the three key genes (ASGR2, MCEMP1, PPARG) with differentially infiltrated immune cells. Red represents positive correlation, blue represents negative correlation, and deeper colors indicate stronger correlations. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001

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  Fig. 6. Predicted interaction networks and molecular docking of key genes. (A) GeneMANIA interaction network of the key genes. Different colors represent different biological functions and types of interactions. (B) Predicted PPARG-miRNA-lncRNA interaction network. Pink represents PPARG, green represents miRNAs, and blue represents lncRNAs. (C) Molecular docking overview of PPARG with CLX-0921, with red representing the PPARG protein structure and green representing the compound structure. (D) Close-up of PPARG–CLX-0921 binding site with key residues labeled. (E) Molecular docking overview of PPARG with ECHINATIN. (F) Close-up of PPARG–ECHINATIN binding site with key residues labeled. (G) Molecular docking overview of PPARG with SHINPTEROCARPIN. (H) Close-up of PPARG–SHINPTEROCARPIN binding site with key residues labeled

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  Fig. 7. RT-qPCR experimental validation of key genes. (A) ASGR2. (B) MCEMP1. (C) PPARG. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01