What question did this study set out to answer?

This study aims to validate the Arabic version of the LLM-D12 scale measuring dependency on large language models.

July 26, 2026Arabian Journal for Science and EngineeringOpen Access

Measuring Large Language Models Dependency: Validating the Arabic Version of the LLM-D12 Scale

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Authors

SASameha AlshakhsiHamad bin Khalifa University AYAla YankouskayaBournemouth University MLMagnus LiebherrUniversity of Duisburg-Essen

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Implication

Validation study of the Arabic LLM-D12 scale shows strong reliability and associations with AI attitudes in Arabs, indicating its suitability for the region.

Key Points

This study aims to validate the Arabic version of the LLM-D12 scale measuring dependency on large language models.
250 Arab participants completed the LLM-D12 scale
Confirmatory Factor Analysis was used to confirm the two-factor structure
Internal reliability was assessed using Cronbach alpha coefficients.
The Arabic LLM-D12 showed high internal reliability (Cronbach alpha 0.90 for Total)
Instrumental Dependency was positively associated with AI acceptance and internet addiction
Relationship Dependency linked to lower need for cognition and greater trustworthiness of LLM.

Cite This Study

Alshakhsi et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a65a3a3d3aea3239cd76b0a https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-026-11386-9

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Implication

Validation study of the Arabic LLM-D12 scale shows strong reliability and associations with AI attitudes in Arabs, indicating its suitability for the region.

Measuring Large Language Models Dependency: Validating the Arabic Version of the LLM-D12 Scale

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Key Points

Cite This Study

Measuring Large Language Models Dependency: Validating the Arabic Version of the LLM-D12 Scale

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Key Points

Cite This Study

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