The transformation of public spaces through tactical urbanism: three experiences in the city of Valencia

Tactical urbanism transforms public spaces through small-scale, flexible interventions with strong citizen participation. Focusing on three experiences in Valencia (Spain)—citizen-led, institutional, and mixed—this study examines how different forms of participation shape the design, duration, and appropriation of urban interventions. Combining documentary analysis with visual fieldwork, it compares bottom-up initiatives and government-led projects. The findings show that tactical urbanism can mediate between community action and formal planning, although institutionalisation may weaken its experimental and collective character. The most sustainable interventions successfully combine citizen creativity, institutional support, and flexible governance to foster more inclusive and adaptive public spaces.