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July 26, 2026Journal of Child LanguageOpen Access

Late acquisition of pronoun use in European Portuguese: Subject–object asymmetries in Portuguese-German bilingual children

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Authors

CFCristina FloresEREsther Rinke

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Overview

Study investigates pronoun use in bilingual children, revealing asymmetries in subject and object pronouns.

Key Points

  • The research aims to examine the use of subject and object pronouns in European Portuguese by bilingual children compared to monolingual peers.
  • Analysed written narratives from 61 children aged 10-12 in Portugal and Switzerland.
  • Focused on the frequency of null versus overt subject and object pronouns in their narratives.
  • Bilinguals produced overt subject pronouns more frequently than expected in certain contexts, with a frequency of 65% for overt subjects where null subjects were anticipated.
  • Bilinguals showed a preference for null object constructions, using them 70% of the time, while avoiding clitic pronouns altogether.

Cite This Study

Flores et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a65a3e4d3aea3239cd76d9ahttps://doi.org/10.1017/s0305000926100816
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Tracking Pragmatic Contexts of Pronominal Subjects: Acquisition and Attrition in Brazilian–European Portuguese Late-Sequential Bidialectals2026 · 1 citations
  2. 2An analysis of asymmetries in subject personal pronoun usage in brazilian portuguese and spanish2022
  3. 3Dialogic and pragmatic aspects of early object realization: a crosslinguistic comparison of three Romance languages2024
  4. 4“a branca Schere” or “a tesoura weiβe”? Adjective placement in Portuguese–German code-switching by bilingual children and adolescents2026
  5. 5Does the Referential Hierarchy influence subject and object omission in L2 English?2025