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In mammalian cells, mature tRNAs are cleaved by stress-activated ribonuclease angiogenin to generate 5'- and 3'-tRNA halves: a novel class of small non-coding RNAs of 30-40 nucleotides in length. The biogenesis and biological functions of tRNA halves are emerging areas of research. This review will discuss the most recent findings on: (i) the mechanism and regulation of their biogenesis, (ii) their mechanism of action (we will specifically discuss their role in the protein synthesis inhibition and the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis), and (iii) their effects on the human physiology and disease conditions.
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Saikia et al. (2015) studied this question.
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