Presents strategies for achieving high-level AI performance using smaller models, highlighting effective orchestration methods.
Trillion-parameter models (GPT-5, Claude Opus 4, Gemini 2.5 Pro) exhibit emergent capabilities through scale-induced information density. An ensemble of small specialists cannot replicate the weights of a 1T model, but it can replicate its behavior through structured orchestration. This paper presents five practical strategies — multi-specialist consensus, progressive chaining, ACE self-improvement loops, synthetic data generation, and DRAGON hierarchical orchestration — that together enable frontier-level performance from ensembles of 7-8B parameter models running on consumer-grade hardware.
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Yahya Saqban (2026) studied this question.
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