Computational biomimetic structural optimisation of a diatom-inspired long-span roof for hot–dry climates

Introduction Bionic and biomimetic architecture use natural systems as models to create efficient and sustainable structures. Diatoms, with their hierarchical truss-shell morphologies and load-transfer mechanisms, serve as valuable references for lightweight, long-span roof structures. This study explores diatom-inspired structural logic as a biomimetic approach to designing climate-responsive architectural roof systems.Material and method This research uses a quantitative computational approach based on parametric modelling and finite element analysis. The structural morphology of diatoms was examined, identifying hierarchical organisation, graded density, and truss-shell behaviour. These features were incorporated into a parametric model using Grasshopper. Structural performance was assessed with the Karamba. Mechanical properties of carbon-fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) were defined to align with structural simulations. Small-scale prototypes were produced using resin-based 3D printing to verify constructability and fabrication feasibility. The optimised was compared with a steel space-truss roof in terms of structural mass and stress utilisation.Results The diatom-inspired structure significantly reduces structural mass while maintaining stress utilisation within safety limits. Finite element analysis confirms efficient load-path behaviour and redistribution of forces in the hierarchical truss-shell configuration. Comparative studies demonstrate superior stiffness-to-weight performance over conventional systems. Physical prototypes verify that the geometry can be fabricated and the structural logic is achievable with real materials.Conclusion This study demonstrates that diatom morphology provides a strong biomimetic model for lightweight, structurally efficient design. Future work will address full-scale fabrication and experimental validation to evaluate structural performance and construction feasibility. These findings underscore the potential of diatom-inspired systems for sustainable, resource-efficient, and adaptable long-span architecture.