Shared Mobility and Mobility Hubs: Integrating Evidence through a Strategic SWOT Framework

Shared mobility and mobility hubs are increasingly promoted as key enablers of low-carbon urban transport transitions. However, existing research remains fragmented across behavioural, environmental, infrastructural, technological, and governance domains, while limited attention has been given to integrating these dimensions within a unified strategic framework capable of supporting interdisciplinary transport planning, policy, and implementation. This study addresses this gap through a systematic review of 31 peer-reviewed articles published between 2005 and 2025. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, studies retrieved from Scopus and Engineering Village were analysed using NVivo-based thematic coding and synthesised through a strategic SWOT framework. The reviewed literature spans Asia (15 studies), Europe (13), and North America (2), with limited representation from the Global South. Six key themes emerged: social impacts, economic impacts, environmental impacts, policy and regulatory frameworks, user adaptation and behavioural intention, and urban infrastructure. Findings indicate that shared mobility systems can support first- and last-mile connectivity and short-distance modal substitution. However, environmental benefits remain highly conditional, as substitution frequently occurs from walking, cycling, or public transport rather than private car use. The review further identifies key barriers including charging infrastructure limitations, operational inefficiencies, regulatory fragmentation, and uneven spatial distribution. The proposed SWOT framework contributes to interdisciplinary transportation research by distinguishing internal system characteristics from external contextual drivers influencing deployment and scalability. Overall, the study demonstrates that shared mobility and mobility hubs are not inherently sustainable, but rather governance-dependent socio-technical systems whose long-term effectiveness depends on integrated planning, multimodal coordination, and equity-oriented transport policy.