Mechanical Characterization of Rhus trilobata Stems in Navajo Nation for Traditional Basket Weaving Applications

Three-leaf sumac (Rhus trilobata), widely used by the Navajo for traditional wedding baskets, represents a natural material with notable structural performance. This study investigates the material characteristics that enable its suitability for intricate and durable weaving applications. Mechanical properties were evaluated using standardized three-point bending tests to determine flexural strength and modulus of elasticity, while internal structural features were examined through computed tomography (CT) scanning. The results indicate that the stems exhibit a favorable balance of stiffness and flexibility, with peak flexural strength reaching 84.7 MPa and Young’s modulus ranging from 11 to 38 MPa. CT analysis further reveals a well-organized fibrous architecture that contributes to mechanical integrity and deformation resistance. These findings provide quantitative evidence supporting the functional efficiency of Rhus trilobata stems in traditional applications and demonstrate how indigenous material selection aligns with optimized structural performance.