Cardioprotective Effects of Zonisamide and Dexrazoxane Against Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats; Role of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress

Thiamethoxam (TMX) is a neonicotinoid pesticide utilized in agriculture to preserve various crops from pests. Resveratrol has garnered significant attention from medical researchers due to its promising antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aims to explore the potential ameliorative effects of resveratrol treatment on thiamethoxam-induced renal toxicity. Forty male rats from the Sprague Dawley strain were divided into four equally numbered groups. The control group received distilled water, the second group administered 50 mg/kg resveratrol only, the third group exposed to 156 mg/kg thiamethoxam insecticide. The fourth group received both TMX plus RES. Animals were exposed by oral gavage day by day for 2 months. Kidney samples were used for histological examination and serum samples were used for estimation of malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), urea and creatinine. The results revealed no clinical signs or mortality, and no significant alterations were observed in either relative or absolute kidney weights across all exposed groups. There was a significant increase in MDA, urea and creatinine levels in addition to significant decrease in total antioxidant levels in TMX group compared with the control group. The gross examination of the kidneys showed a presence of cysts, which were significantly smaller in the groups treated with the TMX + RES combination and nonexistent in the control groups. Thiamethoxam (TMX) induced vascular changes, tubular alterations, glomerular, and interstitial changes in the kidney. Co-administration of TMX and RES significantly mitigated the severity of these lesions.