Pharmacological Properties of Bermudagrass and Its Application in Folk Medicine

Acorus calamus L. is a medicinal plant that has been extensively used in traditional medicine for centuries. Its rhizomes are rich in essential oils, phenylpropanoids, sesquiterpenes, flavonoids, tannins, and other biologically active compounds responsible for a wide range of pharmacological effects. The aim of this study was to review the pharmacological properties of Acorus calamus based on current scientific literature. International peer-reviewed publications, pharmacognosy textbooks, and official monographs were analyzed. The findings indicate that Acorus calamus exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antispasmodic, gastroprotective, sedative, and neuroprotective activities. However, the presence of β-asarone in certain chemotypes may be associated with toxic and potentially carcinogenic effects when used in high doses or for prolonged periods. The available evidence supports the rational and evidence-based use of Acorus calamus while emphasizing the importance of safety evaluation and dosage regulation.