Three Apparent Effects of Metric Benchmarks: Unified Derivation of Dark Matter, Black Holes and Dark Energy in Time Field Theory with Falsification Criteria

Based on the periodic metric monism of Time Field Theory (TFT), this paper rigorously demonstrates that three core anomalies — dark matter at galactic scale, black hole horizon and singularity at strong-field scale, and dark energy at cosmological scale — are not independent physical entities or ultimate physical boundaries. Instead, they are inevitable apparent effects generated by the dual substantialist presupposition of "matter-spacetime" in general relativity when extended to large scales, strong fields and global evolution. Taking the perfect circle postulate and the spatiotemporal periodic law (flux conservation equation) as the sole logical starting point, TFT uniformly derives all three phenomena without introducing any additional particles, energy components or free parameters: flat galactic rotation curves originate from the radial gradient of the spatial metric benchmark; black hole singularities originate from the misinterpretation of metric boundaries as spacetime tearing; cosmic accelerated expansion originates from the convex evolution of the global time field. All three phenomena share the same physical root: the metric benchmark itself has spatial inhomogeneity and temporal evolution, while traditional theories presuppose it as an absolutely invariant entity background, leading to systematic observational deviations. This paper presents strict mathematical derivations, intuitive physical pictures and independently falsifiable observational criteria for each conclusion, proving that the three anomalies are essentially manifestations of the same core fact under three different physical scenarios.