Design of Key Components and Field Performance Evaluation of the Model 2BJD-4 Precision Corn Planter

To address low seeding accuracy and poor seed-fertilization coordination caused by wheel slip and vibration in undulating terrains, a model 2BJD-4 precision corn planter featuring an independent electric-drive transmission was developed. The planter integrates furrow opening, fertilization, single-seed precision metering, soil covering, and compaction into a coordinated one-pass operation. Key mechanical assemblies include a servo-motor-driven finger-clamp seed meter, a parallel four-bar terrain-following mechanism, and an external fluted-roller fertilization meter. To capture complex non-linear soil-tool interactions, a predictive surrogate model was established using Support Vector Regression (SVR) and coupled with the Dung Beetle Optimizer (DBO) for global parameter optimization. Comprehensive field trials validated that the SVR-DBO framework outperformed traditional Response Surface Methodology, securing an optimal qualified spacing index of 92.8% and a planting depth qualification rate of 93.0% under experimental conditions. These findings demonstrate the technical feasibility of the proposed design in maintaining seed spacing and depth uniformity under tested topographies, offering a practical reference for the development of precision planters in hilly and plain regions.