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July 29, 2026GM crops & foodOpen Access

Operationalizing insect resistance management for commercialized Bt crops: an evidence-to-action framework for post-market stewardship

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Authors

ZYZhanfeng YanDJDapeng JingZWZhenying Wang

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Overview

Framework for managing insect resistance in Bt crops enhances transparency and response actions for regulators and developers.

Key Points

  • The aim is to create a framework for managing insect resistance in Bt crops that translates resistance signals into actionable steps.
  • Synthesis of evidence from Bt maize and Bt cotton for stewardship experience.
  • Development of a framework linking IRM implementation, resistance monitoring, and evidence assessment.
  • Classification of resistance outcomes into four states with operational definitions and required actions.
  • Four operational resistance states defined: baseline susceptibility, early-warning signal, confirmed resistance, and practical resistance.
  • Clear verification requirements and actions outlined for each resistance state.
  • Framework examples illustrate how various pest-crop-toxin systems inform stewardship decisions.

Cite This Study

Yan et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a69a25ec8da07d9defa5ac0https://doi.org/10.1080/21645698.2026.2709923
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Moving beyond grower compliance: why Bt corn resistance management depends on system-level coordination2026 · 1 citations
  2. 2Cotton insect resistance and integrated pest management: current research and future directions2026
  3. 3A Comprehensive Review of the Synergistic Effects of Multidimensional Mechanisms in Insect Insecticide Resistance2026 · 1 citations
  4. 4Insecticide Resistance Management for Mosquito Control: Mechanisms, Evidence, and Future Challenges2026
  5. 5From knowledge to action: the importance of characterizing herbicide resistance mechanisms for implementing management strategies2026