Bionomics, morphometrics, and seasonal incidence of Eublemma amabilis Moore (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) infesting lac insect under Assam conditions

This study examined the bio-ecology and seasonal incidence of Eublemma amabilis infesting Kerria lacca and K. chinensis during 2019–2021 at Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat. The pre-oviposition period of E. amabilis was shorter in summer (4.74 ± 1.42 days) than in winter (6.80 ± 1.22 days). Fecundity was higher in summer, with females laying 70.4 ± 8.52 eggs compared to 38.4 ± 8.52 eggs in winter, with hatching success of 83.66 ± 10.32% and 67.81 ± 7.62%, respectively. Incubation periods were 5.90 ± 0.70 days (summer) and 8.80 ± 0.45 days (winter). Larval development lasted 24.80 ± 3.56 days in summer and 32.40 ± 4.39 days in winter. Pupation required 6–8 days in summer and 8–11 days in winter. The hypognathous head bore green compound eyes. Antennae measured 2.89 ± 0.11 mm with 36–40 segments. Forewings measured 5.14 ± 2.30 mm (male) and 7.22 ± 0.57 mm (female), while hindwings measured 4.45 ± 0.09 mm (male) and 6.94 ± 0.15 mm (female). Peak predator activity occurred during July–August (summer) and January–February (winter). Population incidence showed a positive association with temperature and relative humidity, with an increase in larval abundance under warm and humid conditions. These findings provide baseline information and could contribute to the development of weather-based forecasting models to support timely management of E. amabilis and strengthen lac insect conservation.