Molecular Engineering of Interlayer Spacings in 2D Dion–Jacobson Perovskites for High-Fidelity Neuromorphic Computing

and cycling endurance over 100 cycles. These devices emulate bioinspired synaptic functions, including the transition from short-term to long-term plasticity. Cross-Sim simulations of a three-layer neural network using the device conductance characteristics achieved a recognition accuracy of 96.6% for the MNIST data set, close to the software-defined benchmark of 98.2%. Overall, these results identify interlayer spacing as an important structural parameter that regulates ion migration, resistive switching behavior, and analog conductance modulation in 2D Dion-Jacobson perovskite memristors.