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The aim is to explore how the dual-hole nozzle injection angle affects the primary atomization of high-pressure diesel jets.

July 29, 2026ProcessesOpen Access

Effect of Dual-Hole Nozzle Injection Angle on Primary Breakup and Near-Nozzle Spray Dynamics of High-Pressure Diesel Jets: Volume-of-Fluid Numerical Investigation

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The aim is to explore how the dual-hole nozzle injection angle affects the primary atomization of high-pressure diesel jets.
Two-dimensional simulations conducted using an Eulerian Volume-of-Fluid framework.
Three injection angles (0°, 5°, and 10°) tested under isothermal conditions (293.15 K).
Comparison to benchmark data to validate simulation results.
The 5° angle increased fuel–air interfacial spreading by about 141% while maintaining 90% of axial penetration at monitoring positions.
The 0° angle showed limited air entrainment, producing an overly concentrated jet.
The 10° angle exhibited excessive radial spreading with a 26% loss in axial penetration.

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Numerical investigation finds optimal injection angles improve atomization and air-fuel mixture in diesel jets.

Tahar et al. (2026) studied this question.

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