Racial and ethnic minority groups with heart failure had lower adjusted odds of palliative or hospice care utilization compared with White patients (e.g., Black patients aOR 0.79; 95% CI 0.65-0.96).
Meta-Analysis (n=18,284,043)
Do racial and ethnic minority groups have lower utilization of palliative or hospice care compared to White patients with heart failure?
This meta-analysis highlights significant racial and ethnic disparities in the utilization of palliative and hospice care among patients with heart failure, with minority groups receiving less care than White patients.
Odds Ratio: 0.79 (95% CI 0.65–0.96)
Introduction Studies have explored racial and ethnic disparities in palliative (PC) and hospice care (HC) utilisation among patients with heart failure (HF), with inconsistent findings. However, these data have not been systematically synthesised. Methods We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies exploring racial and ethnic differences in utilisation of PC or HC in HF. PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus and CINAHL were searched until February 26th, 2026 (PROSPERO ID: CRD42061320684). The primary outcome was odds of receiving PC or HC, derived from adjusted odds ratios (aOR). Unadjusted odds ratios were pooled as secondary analyses. Prespecified subgroup analyses were performed according to study location, care type and HF population. Results Twenty-four studies were identified, of which twenty-one (n = 18,284,043 patient-level observations) were included in meta-analyses. Compared with White patients, lower adjusted odds of palliative or hospice care utilisation were observed among Black, Hispanic, Asian and Other racial or ethnic groups, although heterogeneity was substantial for several comparisons: Black (aOR 0.79, 95% CI 0.65-0.96; I 2 = 99%), Hispanic (aOR 0.69, 95% CI 0.60-0.79; I 2 = 94.0%), Asian (aOR 0.80, 95% CI 0.73-0.88; I 2 = 0%) and other ethnic groups (aOR 0.81, 95% CI 0.67-0.99; I 2 = 60.4%). Unadjusted outcomes were broadly similar. Subgroup analyses demonstrated variation in findings for Black vs White patients according to study characteristics. Discussion There appears to be lower documented palliative and hospice care utilisation among several racial and ethnic minority groups compared with White patients, although the magnitude and direction of associations varied by study design, population, care type and setting.
Chotalia et al. (Sun,) conducted a meta-analysis in Heart failure (n=18,284,043). Racial and ethnic minority groups (Black, Hispanic, Asian, Other) vs. White patients was evaluated on Odds of receiving palliative or hospice care (aOR 0.79, 95% CI 0.65-0.96). Racial and ethnic minority groups with heart failure had lower adjusted odds of palliative or hospice care utilization compared with White patients (e.g., Black patients aOR 0.79; 95% CI 0.65-0.96).