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July 29, 2026Computational LinguisticsOpen Access

Representational Equality in Cross-country Value Simulation: A Systematic Analysis of Large Language Models

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Authors

XJXiaowen JianXMXinyi MouDGDaisong Gong

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Overview

Systematic analysis investigates simulation accuracy across countries, highlighting inequalities in opinion representation.

Key Points

  • This research aims to analyze the representational equality of large language models in simulating human opinions across different countries.
  • Investigated simulation accuracy across 59 countries using large language models.
  • Compared two intervention pathways: contextual adaptation and parametric modification.
  • Analyzed the impact of language prompting and preference data on simulation accuracy and equality.
  • Found substantial inequality in simulation accuracy across countries, favoring wealthier nations.
  • Contextual adaptation improves accuracy but is model-dependent; additional information often enhances both accuracy and equality.
  • Parametric modification shows uneven improvements in accuracy across language groups, with human-annotated data outperforming AI-annotated data.

Cite This Study

Jian et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a69a2fcc8da07d9defa71d0https://doi.org/10.1162/coli.a.648
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