Immobilized Mononuclear and Binuclear Copper(II) Complexes on Chitosan–PVA-Based Composite Films as Dip Catalyst for Dual Enzyme Mimicry

Two copper(II) complexes, Cu(2,4-DCBz) 2 (β-pic) 2 (H 2 O) 2 1 and Cu 2 (2,4-DCBz) 4 (γ-pic) 4 2 (where 2,4-DCBz = 2,4-dichlorobenzoate and β/γ-pic = β/γ-picoline), were synthesized, structurally characterized, and immobilized within chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) (CPVA) films to obtain functional composites under ambient conditions. Spectroscopic methods, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and density functional theory revealed distinct monomeric and dimeric coordination environments of respective complexes 1 and 2, delineating the role of steric constraints and non-covalent interactions. Incorporation into the CPVA matrix yielded stable hybrid films, designated as CPVA 1 (complex 1 ) and CPVA 2 (complex 2 ), which were comprehensively characterized by SEM, AFM, UV–vis, FT-IR, and electrochemical (CV) analysis. For both composite films, while mechanical testing showed good tensile strength and flexibility, the contact angle measurements indicated favorable surface wettability for catalytical and antibacterial properties. Functionally, CPVA 1, and CPVA 2 exhibited strong antibacterial activity ( in silico and in vivo studies) and oxidase enzyme mimetic activity (phenoxazinone synthetase and catechol oxidase), showing performance comparable to that of the free complexes. The catalytic efficiency of CPVA 2 was superior, as evidenced by its improved K cat values of 3022.2 h –1 for phenoxazinone synthase and 2727.6 h –1 for catechol oxidase. Importantly, when employed as dip catalysts, the composite films offered a distinct advantage by retaining catalytic efficiency upon repeated use with minimal leaching. The results demonstrated that chitosan–PVA–copper(II) hybrid films combine durability, reusability, and bioactivity, positioning them as sustainable materials for antibacterial coatings and heterogeneous catalytical applications.