Key result
Ischaemia drives mitochondrial damage in heart and brain via complex inhibition and cytochrome c release.
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We review research investigating mitochondrial damage during heart and brain ischaemia, focusing on the mechanisms and consequences of ischaemia-induced and/or reperfusion-induced: (a) inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory complex I; (b) release of cytochrome c from mitochondria; (c) changes to mitochondrial phospholipids; and (d) nitric oxide inhibition of mitochondria. Heart ischaemia causes inhibition of cytochrome oxidase and complex I, release of cytochrome c, and induction of permeability transition and hydrolysis and oxidation of mitochondrial phospholipids, but some of the mechanisms are unclear. Brain ischaemia causes inhibition of complexes I and IV, but other effects are less clear.
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Borutaitė et al. (2013) conducted a review in Heart and brain ischaemia. Ischaemia was evaluated. Heart and brain ischaemia cause mitochondrial damage including complex I and IV inhibition and cytochrome c release, though specific mechanisms remain unclear.
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