Biogasoline synthesis by catalytic cracking of used cooking oil catalysed by chicken eggshell-based CaO impregnated onto γ-Al₂O₃

This research aims to synthesize biogasoline from used cooking oil using a catalyst of chicken eggshell based CaO impregnated with γ -Al _2 O _3 through catalytic cracking, as well as to characterize the final product. Cracking optimization was carried out by varying the catalyst calcination temperature (650, 750 and 850 ^∘ C) and the catalyst concentration (1, 2 and 3 wt.%). The stages of this research were (1) characterization of used cooking oil (density, viscosity, refractive index, and iodine number) (2) synthesis of the CaO/ γ -Al _2 O _3 , (3) catalytic cracking of used cooking oil with the use of the synthesized catalyst, and (4) characterization and identification of biogasoline. The results showed that the optimum condition for catalytic cracking was obtained at the calcination temperature of 650 ^∘ C. The synthesized biogasoline has the following characteristics, i.e. density of 0.776 g ml ⁻¹ , viscosity of 1.84 mm ^2 s ⁻¹ , a refractive index of 1.43, and the iodine number of 22.85 g I _2 per 100 g. The synthesized biogasoline contained alkane, alkene and carboxylic acid compounds, C _2 -C _19 . This composition was dominated by compounds belonging to biogasoline (C _5 -C _12 ) amounting to 94.5 wt.% as confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses.