Transformation of the Moss Physcomitrella patens Using Direct DNA Uptake by Protoplasts

INTRODUCTION This protocol describes how to transform moss ( Physcomitrella patens ) protoplasts using polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated DNA uptake. The transformation rates for direct uptake by protoplasts of DNA with and without genomic sequence (a targeting construct) are typically 10 −5 and 10 −3 , respectively. (These are the frequencies of stable transformants among regenerants surviving the transformation procedure.)