Bond-order analysis is introduced to facilitate the study of cooperative many-molecule effects on proton mobility in liquid water, as simulated using the multistate empirical valence-bond methodology. We calculate the temperature dependence for proton mobility and the total effective bond orders in the first two solvation shells surrounding the H(5)O(2) (+) proton-transferring complex. We find that proton-hopping between adjacent water molecules proceeds via this intermediate, but couples to hydrogen-bond dynamics in larger water clusters than previously anticipated. A two-color classification of these hydrogen bonds leads to an extended mechanism for proton mobility.
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Lapid et al. (2004) studied this question.
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