Key result
Heart rate variability serves as a complex biomarker reflecting cardiac function and flexible adaptive regulation of the cardiovascular system during space flight.
Heart rate variability serves as a comprehensive biomarker for assessing cardiovascular and systemic adaptation during space flight.
HRV may track autonomic shifts in spaceflight; leaves open validation for astronaut monitoring or terrestrial translation.
This article reviews the concepts of cardiovascular homeostasis regulatory mechanisms during space flight (SF) and heart rate variability (HRV) as a biomarker of homeostatic processes in the human body. HRV, which represents fluctuations in the time intervals between heartbeats, is determined by dynamic nonlinear processes of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), neurohumoral, and metabolic regulatory circuits. According to this, HRV can quickly respond to changes in the blood supply needs, being a qualitative indicator of the level of adaptation to various environmental conditions. HRV is associated not only with ANS, but also with brain structures, including the prefrontal cortex. This association makes HRV even more significant as a complex biomarker reflecting not only cardiac function, but also flexible adaptive regulation in SF, allowing assessment of both condition of the cardiovascular system and the general functional state of the body.
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Русанов et al. (2024) conducted a review in Cardiovascular homeostasis in space flight. Heart rate variability was evaluated. Heart rate variability serves as a complex biomarker reflecting cardiac function and flexible adaptive regulation of the cardiovascular system during space flight.
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