Biodegradation of epoxy residues by endophytic bacteria Staphylococcus lentus (KAREP3) A sustainable approach to plastic pollution

The present study focuses on the persistent accumulation of epoxy resin residues in the environment, particularly as they change from macroscopic litter to micro-sized particles, represents a growing ecological concern. Conventional waste management strategies lack sustainability and efficacy, especially for resilient polymers such as epoxy. In this study, we introduce a novel, eco-friendly approach utilizing an endophytic Gram-positive bacterium, Staphylococcus lentus (designated as KAREP3), isolated from plant tissues, especially from Curcubita pepo commonly known as Pumpkin, to biodegrade epoxy-based residues. The strain was cultivated under both aerobic and anaerobic fermentation conditions to optimize enzyme production, with anaerobic conditions enhancing epoxy degradation. Fermentation media were supplemented with three distinct substrates egg white, coconut powder, and plastic powder to investigate their role in stimulating microbial metabolism and facilitating enzymatic degradation. Scanning Electron Microscopy revealed surface erosion and structural disruption of epoxy films, while spectroscopic analysis indicated chemical bond cleavage, suggesting active biodegradation. The identity of the strain was confirmed through 16S rRNA gene sequencing, ensuring accurate taxonomic classification. Growth curve analysis demonstrated robust bacterial proliferation in the presence of epoxy, indicating substrate compatibility and metabolic adaptation. By integrating secondary metabolite, protein profiling with morphological and biochemical assessments, this research establishes a promising platform for sustainable epoxy waste bioremediation.