Artificial intelligence: Ignore or regulate?

The technological revolutionary achievements of the modern world inevitably pose a number of issues to humanity that require legal reflection. The most breakthrough achievements of the last few years are artificial intelligence systems. These systems are very successfully integrated into many spheres of life of the world community. To date, many countries have no systematic legal norms regulating the scope of artificial intelligence. The aim of this work is to formulate specific proposals for the legislative regulation of the field of artificial intelligence. To reach this aim, the authors analyzed legislative acts and law enforcement practice in the Russian Federation and in other modern technologically developed countries. Special attention was paid to determining the possibility of considering artificial intelligence as a subject of law. As part of the work, the authors also examined the doctrinal points of view of both the domestic and foreign scientific community. Based on the results of a comprehensive study, the authors propose to consider the possibility of attributing limited legal personality to some artificial intelligence systems: not all artificial intelligence systems should be given certain rights and responsibilities, but only those that have signs of strong artificial intelligence. In this regard, the authors propose to classify all artificial intelligence systems depending on how significant legal facts and legal consequences they are able to generate. It is advisable to structure the list of “advanced” artificial intelligence systems into one group – “strong intelligent systems”. The list of less developed artificial intelligence systems should be included in another group – “weak intelligent systems”. It is advisable classify artificial intelligence systems not on the principle of a generalized enumeration of their functionality, but on the principle of their specific literal enumeration. A specific list of “strong intelligent systems” will be formed and approved by the Government of the Russian Federation. Further, in connection with the proposed classification, comes the idea of attributing legal personality to “strong intelligent systems”. By analogy with the institution of legal entities, it is possible to provide a procedure for delegating certain rights and obligations to strong artificial intelligence, thereby bringing out a new subject in certain legal relations. Thus, the results of the study can outline certain boundaries of the work of artificial intelligence, contributing to the creation of specific constituent documents or protocols of functioning.