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Modern western societies are facing the challenges of immigration and integration. The main criterion for social participation and democratic collaboration is the successful integration of immigrants. A lack of social as well as cultural integration, especially among young immigrants, seems to be the consequence of a low level of education and unequal opportunities. Immigrant children who are enrolled at primary schools, for instance, show significant deficits in tests of German language acquisition in comparison to German pupils on the one hand, and even to other immigrant pupils of their parent's generation, on the other.
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Stevens et al. (2003) studied this question.
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