Design and Experimental Validation of a Multi-output Power Management Unit for a Multiple-particles Analyzer under Dynamic-load and Thermal-vacuum Conditions

Sensors and Materials, Vol. 38, No. 7 (2026) power densities and long-duration mission operations in space applications.Beyond power conversion, the PMU embeds on-board voltage, current, and temperature sensing for real-time health monitoring; this integrated telemetry not only safeguards the particle-sensing MPA payload but also provides a continuous data stream that can underpin Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) and intelligent-sensing functions such as autonomous fault diagnosis and predictive maintenance.The PMU integrates on-board temperature (MCP9700) and voltage/ current sensing for real-time health monitoring, and its thermal behavior was further characterized through multi-point temperature sensing during thermal-vacuum testing.As the enabling and protection unit for the MPA-a particle-sensing payload-the PMU, together with the payload, was additionally subjected to proton single-event-effect and 60 Co total-ionizingdose radiation testing to verify its reliability in the space environment.