While quality management practices have spread in recent years, academic investigation of the phenomenon has lagged behind. Discusses what TQM comprises and whether there are partial or contingent forms; employment practices and relations, including the links with HRM and the issues of incentives, empowerment and political barriers; the themes of incrementalism and innovation including the relationship of TQM with BPR and the concern with bureaucratization; and how TQM fits with other management paradigms.
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Hill et al. (1995) studied this question.
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