Key result
A novel method using the element-wise product of a PPG wavelet spectrum and heartbeat intervals extracted respiratory phases and frequencies more accurately than existing methods.
Why the study?
Does the proposed element-wise product method improve the accuracy of extracting instantaneous phases and frequencies of respiration from a PPG compared to standard wavelet transform in healthy subjects?
Does the proposed element-wise product method improve the accuracy of extracting instantaneous phases and frequencies of respiration from a PPG compared to standard wavelet transform in healthy subjects?
A novel signal processing method combining PPG wavelet spectrum and heartbeat intervals improves the extraction of respiratory phases and frequencies, with potential applications in wearable devices.
May advance wearable respiratory monitoring; leaves open validation in clinical populations.
We propose for the first time a method for extracting the instantaneous phases of respiration from the signal of a photoplethysmogram (PPG). In addition to the instantaneous phases of respiration, this method allows for more accurately extracting the instantaneous frequencies of respiration from a PPG than other methods. The proposed method is based on a calculation of the element-wise product of the wavelet spectrum of a PPG and the sequence of intervals between the heartbeats extracted from a PPG, and a calculation of the skeleton of the resulting spectrum in the respiratory frequency range. It is shown that such an element-wise product makes it possible to extract the instantaneous phases and instantaneous frequencies of respiration more accurately than using the wavelet transform of a PPG signal or the sequence of the heartbeat intervals. The proposed method was verified by analyzing the signals from healthy subjects recorded during stress-inducing cognitive tasks. This method can be used in wearable devices for signal processing.
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Borovkova et al. (2023) studied Healthy subjects. Element-wise product of the wavelet spectrum of a PPG and the sequence of heartbeat intervals vs. Wavelet transform of a PPG signal or the sequence of the heartbeat intervals was evaluated on Accuracy of extracting instantaneous phases and frequencies of respiration. A novel method using the element-wise product of a PPG wavelet spectrum and heartbeat intervals extracted respiratory phases and frequencies more accurately than existing methods.
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