Key result
Perivascular adipose tissue adjacent to abdominal aortic aneurysms showed increased inflammatory cells, ceramides, and proteases compared to healthy controls.
Case-Control
Perivascular adipose tissue adjacent to abdominal aortic aneurysms exhibits abnormal inflammation, necrosis, and proteolytic activity, suggesting a role in ongoing vascular damage.
Implicates perivascular adipose tissue in AAA pathogenesis; hypothesis-generating and requires prospective validation before clinical consideration.
BACKGROUND: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a deadly irreversible weakening and distension of the abdominal aortic wall. The pathogenesis of AAA remains poorly understood. Investigation into the physical and molecular characteristics of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) adjacent to AAA has not been done before and is the purpose of this study. METHODS AND RESULTS: Human aortae, periaortic PVAT, and fat surrounding peripheral arteries were collected from patients undergoing elective surgical repair of AAA. Control aortas were obtained from recently deceased healthy organ donors with no known arterial disease. Aorta and PVAT was found in AAA to larger extent compared with control aortas. Immunohistochemistry revealed neutrophils, macrophages, mast cells, and T-cells surrounding necrotic adipocytes. Gene expression analysis showed that neutrophils, mast cells, and T-cells were found to be increased in PVAT compared with AAA as well as cathepsin K and S. The concentration of ceramides in PVAT was determined using mass spectrometry and correlated with content of T-cells in the PVAT. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest a role for abnormal necrotic, inflamed, proteolytic adipose tissue to the adjacent aneurysmal aortic wall in ongoing vascular damage.
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Folkesson et al. (2016) conducted a case-control in Abdominal aortic aneurysm. Presence of abdominal aortic aneurysm vs. Healthy organ donors with no known arterial disease was evaluated on Physical and molecular characteristics of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT). Perivascular adipose tissue adjacent to abdominal aortic aneurysms showed increased inflammatory cells, ceramides, and proteases compared to healthy controls.
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