64-QAM 60-GHz CMOS Transceivers for IEEE 802.11ad/ay

This paper presents 64-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) 60-GHz CMOS transceivers with four-channel bonding capability, which can be categorized into a one-stream transceiver and a two-stream frequency-interleaved (FI) transceiver. The transceivers are both fabricated in a standard 65-nm CMOS technology. For the proposed one-stream transceiver, the TX-to-RX error vector magnitude (EVM) is less than -23.9 dB for 64-QAM wireless communication in all four channels defined in the IEEE 802.11ad/WiGig. The maximum communication distance with the full rate can reach 0.13 m for 64 QAM, 0.8 m for 16 QAM, and 2.6 m for QPSK using 14-dBi horn antennas. A data rate of 28.16 Gb/s is achieved in 16 QAM by four-channel bonding. The transmitter, receiver, and phase-locked loop consume 186, 155, and 64 mW, respectively. The core area of the transceiver is 3.9 mm2. For the proposed two-stream FI transceiver, four-channel bonding in 64 QAM is realized with a data rate of 42.24 Gb/s and an EVM of less than -23 dB. The front end consumes 544 mW in transmitting mode and 432 mW in receiving mode from a 1.2-V supply. The core area of the transceiver is 7.2 mm2.