Visibility study of graphene multilayer structures

The visibility of graphene sheets on different types of substrates has been investigated both theoretically and experimentally. Although single layer graphene is observable on various types of dielectrics under an optical microscope, it is invisible when it is placed directly on most of the semiconductor and metallic substrates. We show that coating of a resist layer with optimum thickness is an effective way to enhance the contrast of graphene on various types of substrates and makes single layer graphene visible on most semiconductor and metallic substrates. Experiments have been performed to verify the results on quartz and NiFe-coated Si substrates. The results obtained will be useful for fabricating graphene-based devices on various types of substrates for electronics, spintronics, and optoelectronics applications.