Complications and outcomes of hospitalizations for patients with and without Parkinson disease

Figure 1. Selection methods. CCSR, Clinical Classification Software Refined. Patients with Parkinson disease were matched one-to-one to patients without Parkinson disease on principal diagnosis (exact matching), age, gender, race and ethnicity, and Elixhauser comorbidity index (coarsened exact matching).

Figure 2. Rank order of the top ten indications for hospitalization among unmatched older adults (A) without Parkinson disease and (B) with Parkinson disease, unmatched. COPD, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Principal diagnoses were grouped based on ICD-10 codes into clinically meaningful categories using Clinical Classification Software Refined from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project.

Figure 3. Indications for hospitalization among unmatched older adults (A) without Parkinson disease and (B) with Parkinson disease by percent. UTI, Urinary Tract Infection; COPD, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Figure 4. Complications and outcomes for matched patients with and without Parkinson disease. PD, Parkinson disease; OR, Odds Ratio; DVT, Deep Venous Thrombosis; C. difficile, Clostridium difficile; DNR, Do-Not-Resuscitate. aOdds ratios were calculated using conditional logistic regression to assess the association between comorbid Parkinson disease and complications or outcomes in the matched cohort. bIleus includes paralytic ileus as well as other reduced motility gastrointestinal complications. cIdentifies in-hospital cardiac arrest. Excludes individuals with DNR orders to avoid bias from advance directives. dEarly DNR includes patients with DNR orders placed within 24 h of admission to the hospital. eNew nursing facility need analyzes discharges to a nursing facility but excludes individuals admitted from a nursing home to avoid bias from point of origin. fDeath includes inpatient mortality and discharge to hospice (i.e., total mortality equivalence).

Figure 5. Mortality rate by indication for hospitalization for matched patients with and without Parkinson disease. COPD, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Mortality rate is calculated per 100 hospitalizations for Parkinson disease vs. no Parkinson disease. p < 0.05 is considered statistically significant.