Research Progress on Pathogenesis and Related Inflammatory Factors of Macular Edema Secondary to Retinal Vein Occlusion

Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is a relatively common retinal vascular disease characterized by vascular obstruction due to thrombus from various causes, resulting in retinal hemorrhage, fluid exudation, and varying degrees of retinal hypoxia and ischemia, and its secondary macular edema (ME) is the main cause of patients' impaired vision. Retinal vein occlusion secondary to macular edema is a pathophysiological process involving multiple factors, with a complex pathogenesis and many cytokines involved, resulting in an imbalance of fluids entering and transferring out of the retina, which leads to the formation of ME[1]. In recent years, with the development of molecular biology techniques, inflammatory factors associated with RVO-ME have become an important aspect in the study of RVO-ME. In this paper, we review the inflammatory factors associated with retinal vein occlusion secondary to macular edema and the pathogenesis of RVO-ME.