Knowledge protection in academic libraries: an empirical study of evolving security challenges and strategic measures

This study examined the multifaceted security challenges faced by academic libraries in the Jammu region of North India and explored how these institutions address such issues through both traditional and modern technological measures. Using General Systems Theory (GST) as a framework, this research analyzed how different parts of the library system, such as staff, technology, infrastructure, and users, interact to influence overall security. The study draws on interviews with 53 library staff members from regional universities. Thematic content analysis using NVivo 14 was employed to evaluate responses. Findings indicate that security challenges emerge from the interaction of multiple system components, such as inadequate infrastructure, insufficient staff training, limited funding, and unclear security policies. To address these issues, measures such as closed-circuit television (CCTV), radio frequency identification (RFID), biometric access, trained staff, coordination with campus security, and integration of physical-digital systems were identified as key strategies to improve oversight and minimize risks. From a systems perspective, physical, technological, human, and organizational subsystems need to be coordinated and aligned to support effective and sustainable library security practices. The study provides practical recommendations for enhancing library security and emphasizes the value of a systems-based perspective.