Kaolin‐Derived Zeolite: Synthesis, Characterization, Optimization, and Application in Detergent Formulation

This study explores the synthesis of zeolite A from Ethiopian kaolin as a sustainable, eco‐friendly alternative to phosphate‐based detergent builders. Zeolites offer excellent ion exchange properties for water softening and stain removal, without the environmental harm associated with phosphates. Zeolite A was synthesized using alkali fusion and hydrothermal methods, with synthesis parameters (concentration, temperature, and time) optimized through response surface methodology (RSM), using cation exchange capacity (CEC) as the response variable. Under optimal conditions, a CEC of 290 mg/g was achieved. Characterization was performed using x‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). XRD analysis showed 72.4% crystallinity with sodium aluminum silicate hydrate as the dominant phase. SEM revealed cubic crystals averaging 6.9 μm, while FTIR confirmed strong Si–O–Al and Si–O–Si bonds. The detergent potential of the synthesized zeolite was evaluated by formulating and comparing three blends: 100% zeolite, 50:50 zeolite‐sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP), and 100% STPP. Zeolite‐containing detergents met East African standards and showed favorable foam characteristics, even outperforming pure STPP. This work highlights the promise of Ethiopian kaolin‐derived zeolite A as a viable, locally sourced, and environmentally friendly detergent builder for greener manufacturing.