Financial inclusion in business units that survived COVID-19 in Mexico: digitalization, higher education and their influence on women business owners

Purpose The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of digitalization, age and higher education on the degree of financial inclusion of female business owners who survived COVID-19 in Guadalajara, Monterrey, Mexico City and its metropolitan área. Design/methodology/approach Analysis of variance and calculation of Bonferroni intervals were performed to compare the means of the variables under study. Then, a structural equation model is used to estimate the effect of digitalization, age and higher education on financial inclusion, using a quantitative, nonexperimental, cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of a face-to-face survey of business owners from 1,217 interviews in 2023. Findings The results show that in Monterrey, Guadalajara and Mexico City, the positive effect of digitalization on financial inclusion is stronger among women business owners under 30. Research limitations/implications The set of relevant observable sociodemographic variables are only education, gender, age and geographic location. Practical implications The results suggest strategies for promoting the financial inclusión of female business owners. Policy recommendations to promote gender equity among business owners in Mexico. Social implications Policy recommendations to promote gender equity among business owners in Mexico. Originality/value This paper presents statistical evidence on the effect that digitalization and higher education have on the financial inclusion of women business owners who survived COVID-19 in Mexico, which is relevant to address gender inequality, empowerment and the recommendation of specific public policies.