Twenty‐one questions shaping the future of plant phenology research in the 21st century

This Perspective examines the critical frontiers shaping the future of plant phenology research and identifies key emerging challenges and opportunities expected to influence the field in the 21st century. The study is based on a combined approach including a targeted literature review, structured AI‐assisted idea generation, and intensive interdisciplinary expert workshop discussions. The resulting research agenda is organized around four principal domains: ecological interactions shaping plant phenology, advanced remote‐sensing approaches for monitoring, innovations in phenological modelling and societal implications of phenological change. These domains reveal persistent gaps in current plant phenology research as well as opportunities for significant scientific and practical advances, particularly in integrating ecological, technological and applied perspectives. The synthesis provides practical guidance for future research aimed at improving the understanding, prediction and management of plant phenological shifts, thereby supporting ecological resilience and long‐term sustainability. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.