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This paper considers the possibility of constructing a three- dimensional failure envelope for a shallow sand-supported footing. Earlier two- dimensional work is outlined and data taken from a number of sources to produce best-fit eliptical cross-sections. Equations are then presented for a complete three-dimensional failure envelope, comprising a system of inclined elipses and intersecting parabolas. The equations are normalised and compared with test data. It is suggested that the three-dimensional surface will provide a simpler method for predicting failure loads and the effect of specific combinations.
Butterfield et al. (Tue,) studied this question.