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The purpose of this paper is to describe the bipolar reference concept. A bipolar reference is simply a reference that can take on a continuous range of both positive and negative numerical values. It will be shown that for map matching via the convolution operation, references that yield maximum signal-to-noise ratios, in general, will be bipolar references. Algorithms for generating bipolar references and digital simulation results are given.
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Arcese et al. (1970) studied this question.
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