Key result
Dietary counselling to increase fruit, vegetable, and dairy intake did not improve central blood pressure, AIx, or cfPWV compared to usual diet in patients with diabetes at 12 months.
Why the study?
Does dietary counselling to increase fruit, vegetable, and dairy intake improve arterial stiffness and central blood pressure in subjects with type 1 and type 2 diabetes?
RCT (n=109)
randomised
Does dietary counselling to increase fruit, vegetable, and dairy intake improve arterial stiffness and central blood pressure in subjects with type 1 and type 2 diabetes?
A 12-month dietary intervention to increase fruit, vegetable, and dairy intake did not significantly improve arterial stiffness or central blood pressure in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
No benefit of fruit/vegetable/dairy counseling on arterial stiffness in diabetes; challenges this dietary approach and leaves open alternative interventions.
People with diabetes have accelerated arterial stiffening. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of increasing fruit, vegetable and dairy intake for 12 months on carotid femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), augmentation index (AIx), and central blood pressure (cBP), compared to a usual diet control, in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. In a 12 months randomised controlled trial, cfPWV, AIx and cBP were measured every 3 months. The intervention group received dietary counselling to increase consumption of fruit (+1 serving/day; 150 g/day), vegetables (+2 servings/day; 150 g/day) and dairy (+1 serving/day; 200-250 g/day) at baseline, 1, 3, 6 and 9 months. The control group continued on their usual diet. One hundred and nine participants were randomised and 92 (intervention n = 45; control n = 47) completed. At 3 months, fruit (184 g/day; p = 0.001) and dairy (83 g/day; p = 0.037) intake increased in the intervention group compared with the control group but this increase was not maintained at 12 months. After adjustment for baseline measurements there was no time by treatment effect for central systolic or diastolic BP, AIx or cfPWV. A time effect existed for AIx which modestly increased over time. Peripheral diastolic BP and central pulse pressure were improved in the intervention group compared with the control group at 12 months. In the cohort with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, improving dietary quality by increasing consumption of fruit, vegetables and dairy did not improve cBP, AIx or cfPWV, compared with a control group continuing on their usual diet, after 12 months.
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Petersen et al. (2016) conducted an RCT in Type 1 and type 2 diabetes (n=109). Dietary counselling to increase fruit, vegetable and dairy intake vs. Usual diet was evaluated on Carotid femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), augmentation index (AIx), and central blood pressure (cBP). Dietary counselling to increase fruit, vegetable, and dairy intake did not improve central blood pressure, AIx, or cfPWV compared to usual diet in patients with diabetes at 12 months.
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