A direct test of the turbulence models employed in large eddy simulation is made for plane channel flow. As in previous studies, it is confirmed that inclusion of the models for the subgrid-scale (SGS) cross-stress terms is necessary. An important finding in the present study is that the Bardina model for the SGS cross-stress term has a strong negative correlation with the Leonard term, and that the major role of the Bardina model is to cause the backscattering of SGS energy.
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Kiyosi Horiuti (1989) studied this question.
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