Key result
Cigarette smoking in healthy adults was associated with significantly higher high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (11.2 vs 6.4 ng/L) and von Willebrand factor activity compared to non-smokers.
Why the study?
The study was conducted to explore the effects of cigarette smoking on cardiometabolic risk in Saudis in Jeddah City.
Does cigarette smoking increase cardiometabolic risk markers in healthy Saudi adults?
Case-Control (n=160)
No
Does cigarette smoking increase cardiometabolic risk markers in healthy Saudi adults?
Absolute Event Rate: 11.2% vs 6.4%
p-value: p=<0.001
Cigarette smoking in healthy adults is associated with increased cardiometabolic risk markers, including higher hs-cTnI and vWF activity, indicating a higher risk of cardiovascular events.
Aim of the study: To explore the effects of cigarette smoking on cardiometabolic risk in Saudis in Jeddah City. Methods: Following a descriptive case-control approach, the study included 160 healthy Saudi adults who were sampled consecutively (100 smokers [60 males and 40 females] and 60 non-smokers [36 males and 24 females]). Personal characteristics, smoking patterns, and cardiometabolic risk assessment were included in a questionnaire. Each participant’s cardiometabolic functions were assessed by drawing blood. Results: Among participant smokers, 80% smoked one pack daily, while 20% smoked more than one pack daily. Smokers had insignificantly higher levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and non-HDL, significantly higher vWF functional activity, and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (p<0.001 for both), but significantly lower albumin and total bilirubin levels than non-smokers (p=0.026, and p<0.001, respectively). The number of daily cigarettes consumed correlated positively and significantly with plasma levels of LDL-cholesterol (r=0.225, p=0.004), non-HDL cholesterol (r=0.220, p=0.005), vWF function activity (r=410, p<0.001), high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (r=0.686, p<0.001), but negatively correlated with total bilirubin (r=-0.459, p<0.001). Moreover, the cigarette smoking intensity correlated positively and significantly with the participant’s systolic blood pressure (r=0.303, p<0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (r=0.300, p<0.001), body mass index (r=0.448, p<0.001), and waist-to-hip ratio (r=0.493, p<0.001). Those who had smoked for more than 10 years had significantly higher plasma levels of triglycerides (p=0.031), total cholesterol (p=0.023), LDL cholesterol (p=0.011), non-HDL cholesterol (p=0.008), vWF functional activity (p<0.001), systolic blood pressure (p=0.011), and diastolic blood pressure (p=0.023). Moreover, heavy smokers had a significantly higher BMI (p=0.001) and waist-to-hip ratio among male smokers (p=0.003). Conclusions: Cigarette smoking is associated with increased dyslipidemia, body mass index, and central obesity, in addition to higher vWF functional activity. Increased hs-cTnI levels in smokers indicate a higher risk of heart failure and cardiovascular death.
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Lesloom et al. (2023) conducted a case-control in Healthy adults (Cardiometabolic risk assessment) (n=160). Cigarette smoking vs. Non-smokers was evaluated on High-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (ng/L) (p=<0.001). Cigarette smoking in healthy adults was associated with significantly higher high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (11.2 vs 6.4 ng/L) and von Willebrand factor activity compared to non-smokers.
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